With Thanksgiving just hours away, investors are bracing for the most pivotal stretch of the retail calendar, as Black Friday launches a high-stakes holiday season shaped by shifting consumer behavior, sticky inflation and growing divides in household spending — factors likely to separate retail stock winners from losers.
Bank of America's latest Consumer Checkpoint report shows total card spending per household rose 2.4% year-over-year in October, marking the strongest annual growth since early 2024.
On a monthly basis, spending increased for the fifth straight month, up 0.3% seasonally adjusted.
Holiday-specific spending per household jumped 5.7% from a year ago. But retail transaction volumes — a proxy for how many items people are actually buying — have been declining since January.
Simply put, consumers are shelling out more cash, but that may be driven more by inflation than by rising demand.
"Consumers are still spending," said Ed Yardeni, president of Yardeni Research. He added that despite weaker confidence, fundamentals — employment, wealth and expected tax breaks — support continued spending.
October's spending growth was powered primarily by services, including restaurants, airlines and lodging, which made up over half of total monthly gains.
Meanwhile, retail purchases excluding gas and dining contributed just a quarter of the growth.
But even in services, some households are clearly trading down — opting for fast food over full-service restaurants and choosing lower-cost travel options.
Furniture, electronics and travel showed the widest spending gaps between income brackets.
Lower-income shoppers pulled back while higher-income households continued to spend freely on discretionary goods.
Bank of America's data reveals a sharp split in spending patterns across income groups, underscoring the persistence of a K-shaped economy.
In October, higher-income households saw spending rise 2.7% year over year, supported by a 3.7% gain in after-tax wages, while lower-income households managed just 0.7% spending growth, with wages inching up only 1%.
“Wealth effects have primarily benefited the top of the income distribution”, while the middle class is entering the holiday season on shakier ground, said Eric Teal, chief investment officer at Comerica Wealth Management.
This may be the first holiday season where artificial intelligence becomes a mainstream shopping tool. From Amazon's AI assistant Rufus, used by over 250 million customers this year, to ChatGPT's new personal shopper, AI is being deployed to guide purchases, suggest gifts and even complete transactions.
OpenAI's ChatGPT saw referrals to retail websites skyrocket from 1.7 million to 14.4 million between October 2024 and October 2025.
It now accounts for 16% of total referrals among AI-driven traffic sources, up from 7% a year ago.
Retailers like Home Depot Inc. (NYSE:HD) and Etsy Inc. (NYSE:ETSY) are seeing AI referrals comprise 25% of their referral traffic, even though that remains under 1% of total visits. Still, with 17% of U.S. shoppers saying they’ll use an AI agent this season, the trend is moving fast.
The State Street SPDR S&P Retail ETF (NYSE:XRT) has climbed 6% year to date through Nov. 26, slightly outperforming the broader Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund (NYSE:XLY).
The XLY's performance has been dragged down by its heavyweights, Amazon.com Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) and Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA), which have posted muted gains of just 4% and 7%, respectively.
The five best-performing stocks within the XRT so far this year are:
On the other end of the spectrum, these five stocks have been the weakest performers in the XRT this year:
Read Now:
Photo: Drazen Zigic via Shutterstock